Greeting

안녕하세요 - Ahn-yeong-ha-say-yo

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Typical greeting for meeting friends and strangers, it's the most common way to say hello.

Thank you

감사합니다 - Comsahamneeda

Polite for any occasion, this word is a necessity for daily life in Korea.

Nice to meet you

만나서 반갑습니다 - Mon-na-saw  Bongopseum-nee-da

Very polite way to meet and tell someone it is a pleasure to meet them.

How are you?

어떻게 지내세요? - Aw-tow-kay gee-nay-say-yo?

Casual and polite form of asking, "How are you?"

Doing well

잘지냈습니다 - Jal-gee-net-seum-nee-da

Polite way to answer that you are doing well.

It's okay

괜찮아요 - Gen-chan-eye-yo

A very useful and common word, it mean "ok", and like it's English counterpart, can be used in many different ways. 

How much is it?

얼마인가요? - Awl-ma-in-guy-yo?

Just with English, make sure you lift your tone at the end to form a question.

I'm hungry

배고파요 - Bay-go-pie-yo

Polite and casual form.

I'm not hungry

배안고파요 - Bay-ahn-go-pie-yo

Polite and casual form.

I'm sorry

미안합니다 - Me-ahn-ham-nee-da

There are several ways of saying "sorry" in Korean, but this is most useful for all occasions. 

Yes and No

네 - Nay

아니요 - Ahn-ee-yo

I can't speak Korean

한국어를  잘 못합니다 - Hanguk-aw-reul jalmoat-ham-nee-da